An agreement between warring parties to stop fighting temporarily or permanently, often as a preliminary step toward reaching a peace treaty. The process of negotiating and implementing a peace agreement is called mediation.
Organizational/institutional components are arrangements/mechanisms intended to promote the implementation of the agreement. They address the WHO element of the agreement. These mechanisms may be directly responsible for executing the specific provisions of the peace agreement, or provide oversight and guidance to other actors to carry out such activities. Examples include joint commissions for investigating causes of conflict (Article III of the Peace Agreement between the Government of the State of Eritrea and the Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia), bodies entrusted with addressing human rights violations, or boundary commissions in the case of territorial disputes.
Substantive components are the political, economic and social structural changes that need to take place in order to ameliorate past grievances and to create conditions for sustainable peace. This category also covers a range of other types of agreements that address state-building or nation-building, which can be tremendously challenging and even appear impossible to implement in some cases.
In the case of the Gaza Agreement, Israel will progressively withdraw its forces from the Gaza Strip, subject to benchmarks and timelines for demilitarization, and will maintain a security perimeter presence until Gaza is secure from any resurgent terror threat. It will also work with its Arab and international partners to develop a temporary International Stabilization Force, which will immediately deploy to Gaza and will train and support vetted Palestinian police forces to manage security operations.